Notes Popular social computing began in the lateâ1970s with the emergence of dialâup bulletinâboard systems (BBS). For nearly two decades before the privatization of the stateâsponsored internet, tens of thousands of dialâup computer networks were run out of the homes and offices of hobbyists, volunteers, and entrepreneurs throughout North America. It was on these bulletinâboard systems that personal computer owners first began to use their machines for popular communication. The history of BBSing portrays amateurs, hobbyists, and enthusiasts as key agents in the development and diffusion of social computing. Indeed, the users and administrators of early BBSes were the first to confront the fundamental challenges of living and working in online communities. Their experiences and experiments with anonymity, identity, privacy, sexuality, and trust established norms and values that were reproduced in the commercial services and social media systems to follow. Restoring the popular memory of the BBS movement confers legitimacy on amateur users to speak with authority about the present and future of internet technology and policy. Unfurl
Notes""Cognizing" (e.g., thinking, understanding, and knowing) is a mental state. Systems without mental states, such as cognitive technology, can sometimes contribute to human cognition, but that does not make them cognizers. Cognizers can offload some of their cognitive functions onto cognitive technology, thereby extending their performance capacity beyond the limits of their own brain power."Unfurl
Notes"This paper describes our approach for editing PSID files. PSID is a sound format that allows the original Commodore 64 synthesizer music to be played on modern computers and thus conserves a music subculture of the eighties."Unfurl
Notes"Previous studies of tagging determined that many common tags are not directly subject related but are in fact affective tags dwelling on a user's emotional response to a document or are time and task related tags related to a users current projects or acUnfurl
[0808.3569] Offloading Cognition onto Cognitive Technology